Newbie gun/ranged weapon questions

The trick is to make that period of time longer than the enemy can survive for. This is done by increasing defense (Defensive Ability. Armor, Resistances, Damage Absorption, Shields) and healing (Health Regen, Health Restore, Attack Damage Converted to Health) to the point you can overcome incoming damage.
It’s easier to reach this target with melee than ranged. And it should be.
The less time you spend moving the more time you can spend attacking, and once you hit the point you no longer need to re-position you then have 100% damage uptime.

This guide I think:

The end paragraphs are the most important though.

"DAR (default attack replacers) and WPS (weapon proc skills) stack with each other when a WPS procs from a DAR, possibly leading to really heavy hits. Flat damage are added and %Weapon Damage are multiplied.

For instance : Execution does 265% Weapon Damage on 8/8. Belgothian Strikes as indicated above does 155% Weapon Damage at 100% charge and can go to 115% charge. If Execution procs from Belgothian Strikes while it’s fully charged it will deal 2.65 1.55 1.15 = 4.72 or 472% Weapon Damage, almost 5 times a basic attack and that’s without any added %Weapon Damage from gear. Some builds can go as high as 842% Weapon Damage when the correct WPS procs from Savagery. Imagine a critical strike on top of this and we’re looking at stupidly high damage output."